hip and pelvis

the hip joint is a synovial ball and socket joint which is made up of the femur and the pelvis

femur

Your thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body. Because the femur is so strong. On its proximal end, the femur forms a smooth, spherical process known as the head of the femur. The head of the femur forms the ball-and-socket hip joint with the cup-shaped acetabulum of the coxal (hip) bone. The rounded shape of the head allows the femur to move in almost any direction at the hip, including circumduction as well as rotation around its axis. Just distal from the head, the femur narrows considerably to form the neck of the femur. The neck of the femur extends laterally and distally from the head to provide extra room for the leg to move at the hip joint

pelvis

The lower part of the abdomen that is located between the hip bones in a female. The female pelvis is usually more delicate than, wider than, and not as high as the male pelvis. The angle of the female pubic arch is wide and round. The female sacrum is wider than the male's, and the iliac bone is flatter. The pelvic basin of the female is more spacious and less funnel-shaped than the male's. From a purely anatomic viewpoint, the female pelvis is better suited than the male pelvis to accommodate a fetus during pregnancy and permit the baby to be born.

sacrum

The sacrum is a large wedge shaped vertebra at the inferior end of the spine. It forms the solid base of the spinal column where it intersects with the hip bones to form the pelvis. The sacrum is a very strong bone that supports the weight of the upper body as it is spread across the pelvis and into the legs.

coccyx

The coccyx is a triangular arrangement of bone that makes up the very bottom portion of the spine below the sacrum. It represents a vestigial tail, hence the common term tailbone.The coccyx connects with the sacrum through the sacrococcygeal joint, and there is normally limited movement between the coccyx and the sacrum. The coccyx usually moves slightly forward or backward as the pelvis, hips, and legs move. When a person sits or stands, the bones that make up the pelvis (including the coccyx) rotate outward and inward slightly to better support and balance the body.

ilium

The ilium is the largest and most superior of the three bones that join to form the hipbone, or os coxa. It is a wide, flat bone that provides many attachment points for muscles of the trunk and hip. You can find the crest of your ilium by placing your hands on your hips. The superficial location of the ilium makes it a common site for extracting bone tissue for grafting and bone marrow for transplants.

ishium

The ischium forms the posteroinferior part of the hip bone. Much like the pubis, it is composed of a body, an inferior ramus and superior ramus.The inferior ischial ramus combines with the inferior pubic ramus forming the ischiopubic ramus, which encloses part of the obturator foramen. The posterorinferior aspect of the ischium forms the ischial tuberosities and when sitting, it is these tuberosities on which our body weight falls.

pubis

The pubis is the most anterior portion of the hip bone. It consists of a body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

ischiofemoral ligament

ischiofemoral ligament

The ischiofemoral ligament is a band of very strong fibers that connect the pelvis and the femur. The specific bone it is attached to is the ischium, which is located in the lower and posterior portion of the hipbone.

iliofemoral ligament

iliofemoral ligament

The iliofemoral ligament is a Y-shaped band of very strong fibers that connects the lower front iliac spine of the coxal bone to a bony line (intertrochanteric line) extending between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur (thigh bone). The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the body. It helps to prevent extension of the femur when the body is standing erect.

pubofemoral ligament

pubofemoral ligament

The pubofemoral ligament (pubocapsular ligament) is a ligament on the inferior side of the hip joint. This ligament is attached, above, to the obturator crest and the superior ramus of the pubis; below, it blends with the capsule and with the deep surface of the vertical band of the iliofemoral ligament.

transverse acetabular ligament

transverse acetabular ligament

The Transverse Acetabular Ligament (transverse ligament) is in reality a portion of the acetabular labrum, though differing from it in having no cartilage cells among its fibers.

ligament of the femoral head

ligament of the femoral head

it attach the head of the femur to the acetabulum.

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
internal rotation
external rotation

acetabulofemoral joint

acetabulofemoral joint

tge articulation between the femur and the acetabulum of the hip.

sacroiliac joint

sacroiliac joint

The sacroiliac joint is located in the pelvis, linking the iliac bone (pelvis) to the sacrum (lowest part of the spine above the tailbone). This joint transfers weight and forces between your upper body and legs. It is an essential component for energy transfer between the legs and the torso.

acetabulum

The hip is one of the body's largest joints. It is a "ball-and-socket" joint. The socket is formed by the acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis. The ball is the femoral head, which is the upper end of the femur (thighbone).

labrum

The acetabular labrum is a fibrous rim of cartilage around the hip socket that is important in normal function of the hip. It helps keep the head of the femur (thigh bone) inside the acetabulum (hip socket).

obturator foramen

obturator foramen

The obturator foramen is the large opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

pubic symphysis

pubic symphysis

The pubic symphysis a cartilaginous joint that sits between and joins left and right the superior rami of the pubic bones. It is located in front of and below the urinary bladder.

greater trochanter

greater trochanter

The greater trochanter of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed lateral and medially and slightly posterior.The trochanters are points at which hip and thigh muscles attach. The greater trochanter gives attachment to a number of muscles (including the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, obturator internus and externus, and gemelli muscles), and the lesser trochanter receives the insertion of several muscles

pectineus

The pectineus muscle is the most anterior adductor of the hip. The muscle does adduct and medially rotate the thigh but its primary function is hip flexion. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh

illiopsoas

The iliacus originates from the iliac fossa. The psoas major and iliacus unify at the level of the inguinal ligament becoming the iliopsoas muscle. The iliopsoas muscle inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. The major functions of the iliopsoas are flexion of the hip joint and external rotation of the thigh.

quadratus femoris

Ischial tuberosity, lateral border. a. Quadrate tubercle near base of greater trochanter and intertrochanteric crest of femur.The quadratus femoris is a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong external rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum

pisiformis

The piriformis muscle is a small muscle located deep in the buttock (behind the gluteus maximus). The piriformis muscle: Starts at the lower spine and connects to the upper surface of each femur (thighbone) Functions to assist in rotating the hip and turning the leg and foot outward.

tensor fascia latae

The tensor fasciae latae is a tiny muscle, inferior to the iliotibial band. ... It goes into the lateral condyle of the tibia (the outer side of the top of the tibia, or shinbone) through the iliotibial band. This muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve and performs the functions of hip flexion and abduction.

gluteus maximus

The gluteus maximus (also known collectively with the gluteus medius and minimus, as the gluteal muscles, and sometimes referred to informally as the "glutes") is the main extensor muscle of the hip.

gluteus medius

The gluteus medius works to provide rotation of the thigh outward from the center of the body, which enables a steady walking gait. The gluteus medius attaches to the leg at the top of the femur (thigh bone), close to the hip joint, on a bony prominence called the greater trochanter.

gluteus minimus

Function. Along with the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, the gluteus minimus serves as the primary internal rotator of the hip joint. The gluteus minimus helps with abduction (movement away from the midline of the body) and medial (inward) rotation of the thigh at the hip.

iliotibial tract (IT)

The iliotibial tract, also known as the iliotibial band, is a thick strip of connective tissue connecting several muscles in the lateral thigh. It plays an important role in the movement of the thigh by connecting hip muscles to the tibia of the lower leg.

hip flexor strain

hip flexor strain

The main work of your hip flexors is to bring your knee toward your chest and to bend at the waist. Symptoms associated with a hip flexor strain can range from mild to severe and can impact your mobility. If you don’t rest and seek treatment, your hip flexor strain symptoms could get worse pain that seems to come on suddenly increasing pain when you lift your thigh toward your chest pain when stretching your hip muscles treatment- rice

labral tear

A hip labral tear involves the ring of cartilage (labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint. In addition to cushioning the hip joint, the labrum acts like a rubber seal or gasket to help hold the ball at the top of your thighbone securely within your hip socket. symptoms- pain treatment- surgery

hip bursitis

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between moving tissues of the body. Treatment of noninfectious bursitis includes rest, ice, and medications for inflammation and pain. Infectious bursitis (uncommon) is treated with antibiotics, aspiration, and surgery. Bursitis of the hip is the most common cause of hip pain.

$pelvic stress fracture$

pelvic stress fracture

A pelvic stress fracture is a condition characterized by an incomplete crack in one of the pelvic bones. A pelvic stress fracture typically occurs over time with excessive weight bearing activity such as running, sprinting, jumping or dancing. A thorough subjective and objective examination from a physiotherapist may be sufficient to diagnose a pelvic stress fracture. Further investigations such as an X-ray, MRI, CT scan or bone scan are usually required to confirm diagnosis and determine the severity of injury.

hip replacement

hip replacement

Hip pain on the outside of your hip, upper thigh or outer buttock is usually causedby problems with muscles, ligaments, tendons and other soft tissues that surround your hip joint. Hip pain can sometimes be caused by diseases and conditions in other areas of your body, such as your lower back.

tensor

The tensor fascia latae (TFL) is a hip muscle that is well known to rehabilitation therapists and allied health practitioners. It is a muscle that may play a role in pain and dysfunction in the lower limb, pelvis and spine.

rock tape

KT tape

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